Binary

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Questions:
a) Define the terms bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte & terabyte.
       
          Bit            =      a binary digit 1 or 0
          Nibble      =      4 bits (half a byte)
          Byte         =      8 bits
          Kilobyte   =      1024 bytes
          Megabyte =      1024 kilobytes
          Gigabyte  =      1024 megabytes
          Terabyte   =      1024 gigabytes

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Instruction Set

"the complete set of all the instructions in machine code that can be recognized and executed by a central processing unit."

a great iPad app that I highly recommend as an example of this is 'Hand Basic'

Binary, Hex and ASCII.

Binary is made up of 1's and 0's.
The most common use of binary is 8-bit binary.
Which goes right to left in the order 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
167 in 8-bit Binary would be

128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
1     | 0   | 1   | 0   | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1

Hex goes in sets of 16
so the Hex number 32 the 3 stands for 3 sets of 16 (48) and 2 extra so that would be 50
A=10 B=11 C=12 D=13 E=14 F=15

ASCII conversion table below |
                                                V

The Denary Number is : 167
The Binary is : 10100111
The Hex is : A7
The ASCII is : Den - 495455
                        Hex - 313637
                        Bin - 0011 0001  0011 0110 0011 0111